Landscape controls refer to the factors and processes that influence the patterns and dynamics of landscapes. These controls can include physical factors such as topography, geology, climate, and water availability, as well as biological factors such as vegetation cover, species composition, and biodiversity. Researchers studying landscape controls aim to understand how these factors interact to shape the overall structure and function of landscapes. They may also investigate how human activities, such as land use change and urban development, can modify or disrupt these natural landscape controls. By studying landscape controls, researchers can better predict and manage the impacts of environmental change on landscapes, ecosystems, and biodiversity. This research area often involves the use of remote sensing technologies, geographic information systems (GIS), and field observations to gather data and analyze landscape patterns and processes.